پایان نامه ترجمه کتاب The Psychology of Religion A Short Introduction (از ابتدا تا صفحه 114همراه با مقدمه تحلیلی و توصیفی از اندیشه‌ های نویسنده)

فهرست پایان نامه ترجمه کتاب The Psychology of Religion A Short Introduction (از ابتدا تا صفحه 114همراه با مقدمه تحلیلی و توصیفی از اندیشه‌ های نویسنده)

فهرست:

مقدمه................................................................................................................................................................. 1

پیش‌درآمد .. 2

معرفی نویسنده. 3

معرفی کتاب.. 4

گزارشی از محتوای فصول کتاب.. 5

روان‌شناسی و دین .. 5

 دین و روان‌شناسی .. 8

رفتار دینی .. 13

اندیشه‌های دینی .. 21

احساسات دینی .. 25

دیدگاه نویسنده و تحلیل کتاب .. 33

پیش‌درآمد .. 33

دیدگاه‌ نویسنده . 33

تحلیل اجمالی .. 34

فهرست آثار علمی دکتر کِیت لوونتال .. 37

طرح کلی موضوع .. 48

فصل اول: روان‌شناسی و دین

روان‌شناسی چیست؟ . 53

دین چیست؟ . 54

تاریخچه‌ای اجمالی از رابطه بی‌ثبات میان روان‌شناسی و دین .. 59

معنویت و مسائل مرتبط ... 65

جنسیت ... 66

خلاصه .. 67

چهار

فصل دوم: دین و روان‌شناسی

تأثیر مسیحیت غربی.. 69

ادیان و تبیین‌هایی که آن‌ها از رفتار، اندیشه‌ها و احساسات به دست می‌دهند   71

آیین بودا 71

مسیحیت ... 74

آیین هندو . 76

اسلام . 78

یهودیت ... 79

ادیان دیگر . 81

درون‌مایه‌های مشترک... 83

خلاصه .. 83

فصل سوم: رفتار دینی

نیایش، تعریف‌ها، تأثیرات، و تأثیرات مشاهده شده . 85

انواع نیایش .... 87

آیا نیایش مؤثر است؟ . 89

گواه تجربی بر این که نیایش چنین تأثیراتی دارد چیست؟ . 91

نیایش و غلبه بر استرس .... 92

استثنائات موجود در مورد تأثیرات نیایش .... 94

سخن و زبان دینی .. 97

گفتمان دینی: پیشگویی .. 99

گفتمان دینی: داستان . 100

سخن و ساخت حقیقت ... 101

رفتار اجتماعی، گروه‌ها و هنجارها 105

نودینی .. 106

انواع و درونمایه‌ها 106

آیا به هر نحوی از انحاء دست به تغییر دین زده‌اید؟ . 106

شیوه‌های نودینی .. 109

پنج

دو چشم انداز اجتماعی- روانشناختی در نودینی .. 115

خروج از گروه دینی .. 117

انواع دیگر رفتار دینی .. 119

خلاصه.. 119

فصل چهارم: اندیشه‌های دینی

باور دینی .. 122

پیاژه . 129

گلدمن .. 131

ایمان دینی و رشد آن . 132

اریکسون . 133

کولبرگ ... 134

فاولر . 136

اسپرو . 137

خلاصه .. 140

فصل پنجم: احساسات دینی

ریشه‌های اولیه احساسات دینی .. 142

فروید .. 142

نظریه شی - روابط ... 145

نظریه دلبستگی .. 148

مقیاس دلبستگی بزرگسالان . 149

ارزیابی‌های اخیر . 150

دیکی و دیگران . 150

کپس و «انسان، دین و مالیخولیا» . 151

احساسات مثبت ... 152

احساسات عرفانی .. 152

مکاشفه‌های دینی .. 156

تجربه‌های نزدیک به مرگ و خارج از بدن . 158

بهباشی معنوی .. 160

مقیاس بهباشی معنوی .. 161

توکّل و ایمان . 162

شش

عزت نفس.... 163

احساسات منفی .. 163

گناه، شرم و اضطراب .. 163

وسواس .... 165

دین و آسیبشناسی روانی .. 169

افسردگی .. 170

روان پریشی و مسئله جنّ .. 174

خلاصه .. 182

منابع .. 183

Abstract . 204

هفت

هفت

منبع:

The Hutchinson Encyclopaedia. 1994, Oxford: Helicon Publishing. Adorno, T.W., Frenkel-Brunswik, E., Levinson, D.J. and Sanford, R.N.

1950, The Authoritarian Personality, New York: Harper.

Allport,G.W., 1950, The Individual and his Religion: A Psychological Interpratation, New York: MacMillan.

Allport, G.W., 1959 ‘Religion and prejudice’, Crane Review, 2, 1–10.

Allport, G.W., 1966, ‘The religious context of prejudice’, Journal for the

Scientific Study of Religion, 5, 448–451.

Allport, G.W. and Ross, J.M., 1967 ‘Personal religious orientation and

prejudice’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5, 432–443.

Argyle, M., 1958, Religious Behaviour, London: Routledge & Kegan

Paul.

Argyle, M. and Beit-Hallahmi, B., 1975, The Social Psychology ofReligion, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Asch, S.E., 1955, ‘Opinions and social pressure’ Scientific American,

193, 31–35.

Atkinson, J.M., 1993, ‘The patient as sufferer’ British Journal of MedicalPsychology, 66, 113–120.

Bainbridge, W.S., 1997, The Sociology of Religious Movements, New

York and London: Routledge.

Ball, H., 1987, Why British Women Embrace Islam, Leicester: Muslim

Youth Education Council.

Bandura, A., 1977, Social Learning Theory, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Barker, E., 1984, The Making of a Moonie: Choice or Brainwashing?

Oxford: Blackwell.

Barker, E., 1996 ‘New Religions and Mental Health’, in D. Bhugra (ed.)

Psychiatry and Religion: Context, Consensus, and Controversies, London: Routledge.

Barlow, S.H. and Bergin, A.E., 1998, ‘Religion and mental health from

the Mormon perspective’, in H. G. Koenig (ed.) Handbook of Religion and Mental Health, New York: Academic Press.

Barnes, M., Doyle, D. and Johnson, B., 1989, ‘The formation of a Fowler scale: An empirical assessment among Catholics’, Review of Religious Research, 30, 412–420.

Bartholomew, K., 1997, ‘Adult attachment processes: Individual and

couple perspectives’, British Journal of Medical Psychology, 70,

249–264.

Batson, C.D., 1976, ‘Religion as prosocial: Agent or double agent?’,

Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 15, 29–45.

Batson, C.D., Naifeh, S. J. and Pate, S., 1978, ‘Social desirability, religious

orientation, and racial prejudice’, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 17, 31–41.

Batson, C.D., Schoenrade, P.A. and Ventis, W.L., 1993, Religion and the

Individual: A Social-Psychological Perspective, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Beardsworth, T., 1977, A Sense of Presence, Oxford: Alister Hardy

Research Centre (Manchester College, now Westminster College,

Oxford).

Beit-Hallahmi, B., 1989, Prolegomena to the Psychological Study of

Religion, Cranbury, New Jersey, London, England, and Ontario,

Canada: Associated University Presses.

Beit-Hallahmi, B. and Argyle, M., 1997, The Psychology of Religious

Behaviour, Belief and Experience, London and New York: Routledge.

Belgum, D., 1992, ‘Guilt and/or self-esteem as consequences of religion’,

Journal of Religion and Health, 31, 73–85.

Berger, P. and Luckman, T., 1966, The Social Construction of Reality,

Garden City: Doubleday.

Bergin, A.E., 1983, ‘Religiosity and mental health: a critical re-evaluation

and meta-analysis’, Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 14, 170–184.

Berke, J., 1990, The Tyranny of Malice: Explaining the Dark Side of

Character and Culture, New York: Summit Books.

Bettelheim, B., 1983, Freud and Man’s Soul, London: Chatto & Windus.

Bhugra, D., 1996, ‘Hinduism and Ayurveda: Implications for managing

mental health’, in D. Bhugra (ed.) Psychiatry and Religion: Context,

Consensus, and Controversies, London: Routledge.

Biale, D., 1983, ‘Eros and enlightenment: Love against marriage in the

Eastern European Jewish enlightenment’, Polin, 1, 50–67.

Birtchnell, J., 1997, ‘Attachment in an interpersonal context’, British

Journal of Medical Psychology, 70, 265–280.

Blackmore, S., 1993, Dying to Live: Near-Death Experiences, Buffalo,

New York: Prometheus.

Bowlby, J., 1969, Attachment and Loss: Vol 1. Attachment, New York:

Basic Books.

Bowlby, J., 1973, Attachment and Loss: Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety and

Anger, New York: Basic Books.

Bowlby, J., 1980, Attachment and Loss: Vol. 3. Loss, New York: Basic

Books.

Bragan, K., 1977, ‘The psychological gains and losses of religious conversion’, British Journal of Medical Psychology, 50, 177–180.

Brewin, C., 1988, Cognitive Foundations of Clinical Psychology,

Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Brody, G.H. and Shaffer, D.R., 1982, ‘Contributions of parents and

peers to children’s moral socialisation’, Developmental Review, 2,

31–75.

Brody, G.H., Stoneman, Z. and Flor, D., 1998, ‘Parental religiosity and

youth competence’, Developmental Psychology, 32, 696–707.

   Brown, G.A., Spilka, B. and Cassidy, S., 1978, ‘The structure of mystical experience and pre- and post-experience lifestyle correlates’, Paper presented at the annual conference of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion, Hartford, Connecticut, October 1978.

Brown, L.B., 1987, The Psychology of Religious Belief, London: Academic Press.

Brown, L.B., 1994, The Human Side of Prayer, Birmingham, Alabama:

Religious Education Press.

Brown, J., in preparation, Beliefs and Crises, PhD: University of London.

Brown R., 1965, Social Psychology, 1st edtn., New York and London:

Macmillan/Free Press.

Buckley, P. and Galanter, M., 1979, ‘Mystical experience, spiritual

knowledge and a contemporary ecstatic religion’, British Journal of

Medical Psychology, 52, 281–289.

Bufford, R.K., Paloutzian, R.F. and Ellison, C.W., 1991, ‘Norms for the

Spiritual Well-Being Scale’, Journal of Psychology and Theology, 19,

56–70.

Cairns, E., 1982, ‘Intergroup conflict in Northern Ireland’, in H. Tajfel

(ed.). Social Identity and Intergroup Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Campion, J. and Bhugra, D., 1998, ‘Religious and indigenous treatment

of mental illness in South India – a descriptive study’, Mental Health,

Religion and Culture, 1, 21–29.

Campion, J. and Bhugra, D., 1997, ‘Experiences of healing of psychiatric patients in South India’, Social Psychiatry and PsychiatricEpidemiology, 32, 215–221.

Capps, D., 1994, ‘Religion and child abuse: perfect together’,

Presidential address of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion 1991, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 31, 1–14.

Capps, D., 1997, Men, Religion and Melancholia: James, Otto, Jung and

Erikson, New Haven and London: Yale University Press.

Cinnirella, M. and Loewenthal, K.M., 1999 ‘Religious influences on

beliefs about mental illness in minority groups: a qualitative interview

study’, British Journal of Medical Psychology, in press.

Clark, J., 1979, ‘Cults’, Journal of the American Medical Association,

242, 279–281.

Clarke, P.B., 1988, ‘Islam in contemporary Europe’, in S. Sutherland,

(ed.) The World’s Religions, 498–519, London: Routledge.

Codol, J.P., 1975, ‘On the so-called “superior conformity of the self ”

behaviour: Twenty experimental investigations’, European Journal of

Social Psychology, 5, 457–501.

Cohen, R.M., Nordahl, T.E, Semple, W.E., Andreason, P. and Pickar, D.,

1998, ‘Abnormalities in the distributed network of sustained attention

predict neuroleptic treatment response in schizophrenia’, Neuropsychopharmacology, 19, 36–47.

Collins, N.L. and Read, S.J., 1990, ‘Adult attachment, working models,

and relationship quality in dating couples’, Journal of Personality and

Social Psychology, 58, 644–663.

Colquhoun, F., 1955, Harringay Story, London: Hodder & Stoughton.

Cooper, H., 1996, ‘“The cracked crucible”: Judaism and mental health’,

in D. Bhugra (ed.) Psychiatry and Religion: Context, Consensus, and

Controversies, London: Routledge.

Cooper-Greene, E.-J., 1998, ‘Intrinsic religious orientation and beliefs

about sexual morality’, BSc Psychology Project, Royal Holloway,

University of London.

Cox, J., 1998, ‘The psychiatrist as gatekeeper: Reflections on contemporary community psychiatry and the contribution of Paul Tournier’, in the Fourth Biennial Conference on Religion and Psychiatry: Multicultural Psychiatry in a Multifaith Society, Institute of Psychiatry, London 1998.

Craissati, J., 1990, ‘Mental health care in India’, The Psychologist, 3,

19–22.

Darley, H., 1972, Slaves and Ivory: A Record of Adventure and

Exploration in the Unknown Sudan, and Among the Abyssinian Slave-

Raiders, Northbrook, Illinois: Metro Books. (1st edtn. 1926, London: Witherby).

Day, J., 1993, ‘Speaking of belief: Language, performance and narrative

in the psychology of religion’, International Journal for the   Psychology of Religion, 3, 213–230.

De Silva, P., 1996, ‘Buddhist psychology and implications for treatment’, in D. Bhugra (ed.) Psychiatry and Religion: Context, Consensus, and Controversies, London: Routledge.

Debo, A., 1970, A History of the Indians of the United States, Oklahoma:

University of Oklahoma Press. (1995 edn.: London: Random House/Pimlico).

Dein, S., 1996, ‘Possession’, in K. M. Loewenthal (ed.) Religious issues in mental health among minority groups: Issues in Britain in the 1990s, a symposium under the auspices of the Applied Psychology Research Group, Chairman: R.J. West, November 1996, Royal Holloway College, University of London.

Dein, S. and Loewenthal, K.M., 1998, Editorial. Mental Health, Religion

and Culture, 1, 5–9.

Dickie, J.R., Eshleman, A.K., Merasco, D.M., Shepard, A., Vander Wilt

M. and Johnson, M., 1997, ‘Parent-child relationships and children’s

images of God’, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36, 25–43.

Dodge, J., Armitage, J. and Kasch, H., 1964, (eds.) Encyclopaedia

Britannica, London: William Benton.

Donaldson, M., 1987, Children’s Minds, (originally published 1978),

London: Fontana.

Durkheim, E., 1952, Suicide, London: Routledge.

El Azayem, G.A. and Hedayat-Diba, Z., 1994, ‘The psychological

Aspects of Islam: Basic Principles of Islam and their psychological

corollary’, International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 4,

41–50.

Eliade, M., 1985, A History of Religious Ideas, (translated by A.

Hiltebeitel and D. Apostolos-Cappadona), London and Chicago:

University of Chicago Press.

Elkind, D., 1964, ‘Piaget’s semi-clinical interview and the study of spontaneous religion’, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 4, 40–47.

Elkind, D., 1971, ‘The development of religious understanding in

children and adolescents’, in M. Strommen (ed.), Research on

Religious Development: A Comprehensive Handbook. A Project

of the Religious Education Association, New York: Hawthorn

Books.

Ellison, C.W., 1983, ‘Spiritual well-being: Conceptualization and measurement’, Journal of Psychology and Theology, 11, 330–340.

Emler, N., Palmer-Canton, E. and St James, A., 1998, ‘Politics, moral

reasoning and the Defining Issues Test: A reply to Barnett et al.

(1995)’, British Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 457–476.

English, H.B. and English A.C., 1958, A Comprehensive Dictionary of

Psychological and Psychoanalytic Terms: A Guide to Usage, New York, London and Toronto: Longmans Green.

Ensinck, K. and Robertson, B., 1999, Patient and family experiences of

psychiatric services and African indigenous healers, Transcultural

Psychiatry, 36, 23–43.

Erikson, E.H., 1958, Young Man Luther: A Study in Psychoanalysis and

History, New York: W. W. Norton.

Erikson, E.H., 1963, Childhood and Society, New York: Norton.

Ernsberger, D.J. and Manaster, G.L., 1981, ‘Moral development, intrinsic/ extrinsic religious orientation, and denominational teaching’,

Genetic Psychology Monographs, 104, 23–41.

Esmail, A., 1996, ‘Islamic communities and mental health’, in D. Bhugra

(ed.) Psychiatry and Religion: Context, Consensus, and Controversies, London: Routledge.

Esau, T.G., 1998, ‘The evangelical Christian in psychotherapy’,

American Journal of Psychotherapy, 52, 28–36.

Evarts, A.B., 1914, ‘Dementia Praecox in the coloured race’,

Psychoanalytic Review, 1, 388–403.

Eysenck, H.J. and Eysenck, M.W., 1985, Personality and Individual

Differences, New York: Plenum.

Eysenck, M.W., 1998, ‘Personality and the psychology of religion’,

Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 1, 11–19.

Falbo, T. and Shepperd, J.A., 1986, ‘Self-righteousness: cognitive power

and religious characteristics’, Journal of Research in Personality, 20,

145–157.

Fenwick, P., 1987, ‘Meditation and the EEG. in M.A. West (ed.) The

Psychology of Meditation, Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Fenwick, P., 1996, ‘The neurophysiology of religious experience’, in D.

Bhugra (ed.) Psychiatry and Religion: Context, Consensus, and

Controversies, London: Routledge.

Finn, M. and Gartner, J. (eds.), 1992, Object Relations Theory and

Religion: Clinical Applications, Westport, Connecticut: Praeger.

Firth, S., 1997, Dying, Death and Bereavement in a British Hindu

Community, Leuven: Peeters.

Fontana, D., 1980, ‘Some standardisation data for the Sandler-Hazari

Obsessionality Inventory’, British Journal of Medical Psychology, 53,

267–275.

Foskett, J., 1996, ‘Christianity and psychiatry’, in D. Bhugra (ed.)

Psychiatry and Religion: Context, Consensus, and Controversies,

London: Routledge.

Foulds, G.A. and Bedford, A., 1975, ‘Hierarchy of classes of personal illness’, Psychological Medicine, 8, 181–192.

Fowler, J.W., 1981, Stages of Faith: the Psychology of Human

Development and the Quest for Meaning, San Francisco: Harper and

Row.

Fowler, J.W., Nipkow, K.E. and Schweitzer, F. (eds.), 1991, Stages of

Faith and Religious Development: Implications for Church, Education

and Society, New York: Crossroad Publishing.

Francis, L.J., 1992, ‘Is psychoticism really a dimension of personality

fundamental to religiosity?’, Personality and Individual Differences,

13, 645–652.

Francis, L.J., 1993a, ‘Personality and religion among college students in

the UK’, Personality and Individual Differences, 14, 619–622.

Francis, L.J., 1993b, ‘Reliability and validity of a short scale of attitude

toward Christianity among adults’, Psychological Reports, 72,

615–618.

Francis, L.J., Brown, L.B. and Philipchalk, R., 1992, ‘The development

of an abbreviated form of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQR-A): Its use among students in England, Canada, the USA and Australia’, Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 443–449.

Freud, S., 1907, ‘Obsessive acts and religious practices’, Collected Papers, 1907/1924. London: Hogarth Press.

Freud, S., 1927, The Future of an Illusion, London: Hogarth Press.

Freud, S., 1928, Totem and Taboo: Resemblances between the Psychic

Lives of Savages and Neurotics, New York: Dodd.

Freud, S., 1930 Civilisation and its Discontents, London: Hogarth Press.

Freud, S., 1939, Moses and Monotheism, London: Hogarth Press and the

Institute of Psychoanalysis.

Freud, S., 1958, ‘The “uncanny”, in B. Nelson (ed.) On Creativity and

the Unconscious, A. Strachey (trans.), New York: Harper & Row.

Freud, S., 1963, ‘Mourning and melancholia’, in P. Rieff (ed.) General

Psychological Theory: Papers on Metapsychology, J. Riviere (trans.),

New York: Collier Books.

Fromm, E., 1950, Psychoanalysis and Religion, New Haven: Yale

University Press.

Fugate, J.R., 1980, What the Bible Says About … Child Training, Garland, Texas: Aletheia Publishers.

Fulford, K.W.M., 1999, ‘From culturally sensitive to culturally competent’, in K. Bhui and D. Olajide (eds.), Mental Health Service

Provision for a Multi-Cultural Society, London: W.B. Saunders.

Furnham, A. and Brown, L.B., 1992, ‘Theodicy: A neglected aspect of

the psychology of religion’, International Journal for the Psychology

of Religion, 2, 36–46.

Furnham, A. and Procter, E., 1989, ‘Belief in a just world: Review and

critique of the individual difference literature’, British Journal of

Social Psychology, 28, 365–384.

Galanter, M., Rabkin, R., Rabkin, J. and Deutsch, A., 1979, ‘The

“Moonies” – a psychological study of conversion and membership in

a contemporary religious sect’, American Journal of Psychiatry, 136,

165–170.

Galanter, M. (ed.), 1989, Cults and New Religious Movements,

Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

Galton, F., 1883, Inquiries into Human Faculty and Development, New

York: Macmillan.

Ganzevoort, R.R., 1998a, ‘Religious coping reconsidered, Part One: An

integrated approach’, Journal of Psychology and Theology, 26,

270–275.

Ganzevoort, R.R., 1998b ‘Religious coping reconsidered, Part Two: A

narrative reformulation’, Journal of Psychology and Theology, 26,

276–286.

Geels, A., 1996, ‘A note on the psychology of Dhikr: The Halveti Jerrahi

order of dervishes in Istanbul’, International Journal for the  Psychology of Religion, 6, 229–252.

Gergen, K.J., 1993, ‘Belief as a relational resource’, International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 3, 231–236.

Gilbert, K., 1992, ‘Religion as a resource for bereaved parents’, Journal

of Religion and Health, 31, 19–30.

Gilligan, C., 1993, In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and

Women’s Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard

University Press.

Glock, C.Y. and Stark, R., 1965, Religion and Society in Tension,

Chicago: Rand McNally.

Goldman, R., 1964, Religious Thinking from Childhood to Adolescence,

London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Grace, C.R. and Poelstra, P.L. (eds.), 1995, Journal of Psychology and

Theology, Special Issue: An Exploration of Integrative Issues in

Undergraduate Psychology Programs.

Grady, B. and Loewenthal, K.M., 1997, ‘Features associated with speaking in tongues (glossolalia)’, British Journal of Medical Psychology, 70, 185–191.

Greenberg, D., 1997, ‘Religious and compulsive rituals: Common features’, paper given at the World Psychiatric Association, Jerusalem, Israel, November 1997.

Greenberg, D. and Witztum, E., 1991, ‘The treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder in strictly religious patients’, in M. T. Pato and J.

Zohar (eds.) Current Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, American Psychiatric Association.

Greenberg, D. and Witztum, E., 1994, ‘The influence of cultural factors on obsessive compulsive disorders: Religious symptoms in a religious society’, Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 31, 211–220.

Greenberg D., Witztum, E. and Pisante, J., 1987, ‘Scrupulosity: Religious attitudes and clinical presentations’, British Journal of Medical Psychology, 60, 29–37.

Griffith, E.E.H. and Bility, K.M., 1996, ‘Psychosocial factors and the

genesis of new African-American religious groups’, in D. Bhugra

(ed.), Psychiatry and Religion: Context, Consensus, and Controversies, London: Routledge.

Hardy, A., 1965, The Living Stream, London: Collins.

Hardy, A., 1966, The Divine Flame, London: Collins.

Hardy, A., 1975, The Biology of God, London: Jonathan Cape.

Hardy, A., 1979, The Spiritual Nature of Man, Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Harris, T.O., 1997, ‘Adult attachment processes and psychotherapy: A

commentary on Bartholomew and Birtchnell’, British Journal of

Medical Psychology, 70, 281–290.

Hay, D., 1987, Exploring Inner Space: Scientists and Religious

Experience, 2nd edn., London: Mowbray.

Hay, D., 1994, ‘“The Biology of God”: What is the current status of

Hardy’s hypothesis?’ International Journal for the Psychology of

Religion, 4, 1–23.

Hay, D. and Morisy, A., 1978, ‘Reports of ecstatic paranormal or religious experience in Great Britain and the United States – A comparison of trends’, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 17, 255–268.

Hedayat-Diba, Z., 1997, ‘The Selfobject functions of the Koran’,

International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 7, 211–236.

Heirich, M., 1977, ‘Change of heart: a test of some widely-held theories

about religious conversion’, American Journal of Sociology, 83,

653–680.

Helminiak, D.A., 1996, ‘A scientific spirituality: The interface of

Psychology and Theology’, International Journal for the Psychology

of Religion, 6, 1–20.

Hester, M.P., 1998, ‘The status of Psychology of Religion: An interview

with Raymond F. Paloutzian’, Teaching of Psychology, 25, 303–306.

Hewstone, M., Islam, M.R. and Judd, C.M., 1993, ‘Models of crossed

categorization and intergroup relations’, Journal of Personality and

Social Psychology, 64, 779–793.

Hoffman, M.L., 1970, ‘Moral development’, in P.H. Mussen (ed.),

Carmichael’s Manual of Child Psychology, Vol. 2, New York: Wiley.

Holm, N.G., 1987, ‘Sunden’s role theory and glossolalia’, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 26, 383–389.

Hood, R.W., Jr., 1975, ‘The construction and preliminary validation of

a measure of reported mystical experience’, Journal for the Scientific

Study of Religion, 14, 29–41.

Hood, R.W., Jr., 1992, ‘Sin and guilt in faith traditions: Issues for selfesteem’, in J. Schumaker (ed.) Religion and Mental Health, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hunter, J.A., Stringer, M. and Watson, R. P., 1991, ‘Intergroup violence

and intergroup attributions’, British Journal of Social Psychology, 30,

261–266.

Husain, S.A., 1998, ‘Religion and mental health from the Muslim perspective’, in H.G. Koenig (ed.), Handbook of Religion and Mental

Health, New York: Academic Press.

Huxley, A., 1954, The Doors of Perception, New York: Harper.

Idler, E.L., ‘Religion, health and nonphysical senses of self ’, Social

Forces, 74, 663–704.

Ineichen, B., 1998, ‘The influence of religion on the suicide rate: Islam

and Hinduism compared’, Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 1,

31–36.

Ionescu, S., 1998, Women in the Japanese New Religious Movements in

Germany: The Understanding and Construction of the Self, PhD:

Kings College, London University.

Jackson, C., 1996, Understanding Psychological Testing, Leicester: British Psychological Society.

Jackson, M.C. and Fulford, K.W.M., 1997, ‘Spiritual experience and psychopathology’, Philosophy, Psychiatry and Psychology, 1, 41–65.

Jacobs, J., 1987, ‘Deconversion from religious movements: an analysis of charismatic bonding and spiritual commitment’, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 26, 294–308.

Jacobson, J., 1997, ‘Religion and ethnicity: Dual and alternative sources

of identity among young British Pakistanis’, Ethnic and Racial

Studies, 20, 238–256.

Jahangir, F., ur Rehman, H. and Jan, T., 1998, ‘Degree of religiosity and

vulnerability to suicide attempts/plans among Afghan refugees’,

International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 8, 265–269.

James, W., 1902, The Varieties of Religious Experience, New York:

Collier.

Janis, I., 1982, Groupthink, 2nd Edtn., Boston, Massachusetts:

Houghton Mifflin.

Janoff-Bulman, R., 1979, ‘Characterological versus behavioral selfblame: Inquiries into depression and rape’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1798–1809.

Johnson, P.E., 1956, Psychology of Religion, 2nd Edtn., Nashville,

Tennessee: Abingdon.

Jones, E., 1953, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud, vol 1, New York:

Basic Books.

Jones, E., 1955, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud, vol 2, New York:

Basic Books.

Jones, E., 1957, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud, vol 3, New York:

Basic Books.

Jung, C.G., 1958, Psychology and Religion: East and West, London:

Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Jung, C.G., 1969, Answer to Job. R. F. C. Hull (trans.), Princeton:

Princeton University Press.

Juthani, N.V., 1998, ‘Understanding and treating Hindu patients’, in H.

G. Koenig (ed.), Handbook of Religion and Mental Health, New

York: Academic Press.

Kamal, Z. and Loewenthal, K.M., 2002, ‘Suicide beliefs and behaviour

among young Muslims and Hindus in the UK’, Mental Health,

Religion and Culture, 5, 111–118.

Kelly, G.A., 1955, The Psychology of Personal Constructs, New York:

Norton.

Kerby, J. and Rae, J., 1998, ‘Moral identity in action: Young offenders’

reports of encounters with the police’, British Journal of Social

Psychology, 439–456.

Khan, H. (in preparation) Life-events and depression in Asian Muslim

women in Britain. PhD: London University.

Kirkpatrick L.A., 1992, ‘An attachment-theory approach to the psychology of religion’, International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 2, 3–28.

Kirkpatrick, L.A., 1997, ‘A longitudinal study of changes in religious

belief and behaviour as a function of individual differences in adult

attachment style’, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36,

207–217.

Kirkpatrick, L.A. and Shaver, P.R., 1990, ‘Attachment theory and religion: Childhood attachments, religious beliefs and conversion’, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 29, 315–334.

Klein, M., 1932, The Psycho-Analysis of Children, London: Hogarth

Press.

Klein, M., 1975, Envy and Gratitude and Other Works 1946–63,

London: Hogarth Press.

Koenig, H.G., Pargament, K.L. and Nielsen, J., 1998, ‘Religious coping

and health status in medically ill hospitalized older adults’, Journal of

Nervous and Mental Diseases, 186, 513–521.

Kohlberg, L., 1968, ‘The child as a moral philosopher’, Psychology

Today, 2, 25–30.

Kohlberg, L., 1969, ‘Stage and sequence: the cognitive-developmental

approach to socialization’, in D.D. Goslin (ed.) Handbook of

Socialization Theory and Research, Skokie, Illinois: Rand McNally.

Kose, A., 1996a, Conversion to Islam: A Study of Native British

Converts, London: Kegan Paul.

Kose, A., 1996b, ‘Religious conversion: Is it an adolescent phenomenon? The case of native British converts to Islam’ International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 6, 253–262.

Kose, A. and Loewenthal, K.M., 1999, ‘Conversion motifs among British converts to Islam’, International Journal for the Psychology of

Religion, in press.

Kroll, J. and Bachrach, B., 1982, ‘Visions and psychopathology in the

Middle Ages’, Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 190, 41–49.

Latkin, C.A., 1993, ‘Coping after the Fall: The mental health of former

members of the Rajneeshpuram commune’, International Journal for

the Psychology of Religion, 3, 97–110.

Lazarus, A.A. and Colman, A.M. (eds.), 1995, Abnormal Psychology,

London and New York: Longman.

Lederach, N.K. and Lederach, J.P., 1987, ‘Religion and psychiatry:

Cognitive dissonance in nursing students’, Journal of Psychosocial

Nursing and Mental health Services, 25, 32–36.

Leff, J., 1993, ‘Comment on crazy talk: thought disorder or psychiatric

arrogance’, British Journal of Medical Psychology, 66, 77–78.

Lerner, M.J., 1980, The Belief in a Just World: A Fundamental Delusion,

New York: Plenum.

Lerner, M.J. 1991, ‘The belief in a just world and the “Heroic

Motive”: Searching for “constants” in the psychology of religious

ideology, International Journal for the Psychology of religion, 1,

27–32.

Levav, I., Kohn, R., Dohrenwend, B.P., Shrout, P.E., Skodol, A.E.,

Schwartz, S., Link, B.G. and Naveh, G., 1993, ‘An epidemiological

study of mental disorders in a 10-year cohort of young adults in

Israel’, Psychological Medicine, 23, 691–707.

Levin, J.S., 1994, ‘Religion and health: Is there an association, is it valid,

and is it causal?’, Social Science and Medicine, 38, 1475–1482.

Levin, J.S. and Chatters, L.M., 1998, ‘Research on religion and mental

health: An overview of empirical findings and theoretical issues’, in

H.G. Koenig (ed.) Handbook of Religion and Mental Health, New

York: Academic Press.

Levitz, I.N., 1992, ‘The impact of the marriage imperative on Jewish

life’, Journal of Psychology and Judaism, 16, 109–122.

Lewis, C.A., 1994, ‘Religiosity and obsessionality: The relationship

between Freud’s “religious practices”, Journal of Psychology,

189–196.

Lewis, C.A., 1998, ‘Cleanliness is next to Godliness: Religiosity and

obsessiveness’, Journal of Religion and Health, 37, 49–61.

Lewis, C.A., 1999a, ‘Is the relationship between religion and personality

“contaminated” by social desirability as assessed by the Lie Scale?:

A methodological reply to Eysenck (1998)’, Mental Health, Religion

and Culture, in press.

Lewis, C.A., 1999b, personal communication.

Lewis, C.A. and Joseph, S., 1994, ‘Religiosity: Psychoticism and obsessionality in Northern Irish university students’, Personality and Individual Differences, 17, 685–687.

Lewis, C.A. and Maltby, J., 1994, ‘Religious attitudes and obsessional

personality traits among UK adults’, Psychological Reports, 75,

353–354.

Lewis, I.M., 1971, Ecstatic Religion, Baltimore: Penguin.

Linehan, M.M., Goodstein, J.L., Nielsen, S.L. and Chiles, J.A., 1983,

‘Reasons for staying alive when you are thinking of killing yourself:

The Reasons for Living Inventory’, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 276–286.

Lipsedge, M., 1996, ‘Religion and madness in history’, in D. Bhugra

(ed.) Psychiatry and Religion: Context, Consensus, and Controversies, London: Routledge.

Littlewood, R. and Dein, S., 1995, ‘The effectiveness of words: Religion

and healing among the Lubavitch of Stamford Hill’, Culture,

Medicine and Psychiatry, 19, 330–383.

Littlewood, R. and Lipsedge, M., 1981, ‘Acute psychotic reactions in

Caribbean-born patients’, Psychological Medicine, 11, 303–318.

Littlewood, R. and Lipsedge, M., 1989, Aliens and Alienists: Ethnic

Minorities and Psychiatry 2nd edtn., London: Unwin Hyman.

Littlewood, R. and Lipsedge, M., 1998, ‘A religious interest questionnaire for use with psychiatric patients’, Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 1, 57–63.

Loewenthal, K.M., 1988, ‘Religious development and experience in

Habad-Hasidic women’, Journal of Psychology and Judaism, 1988,

12, 5–20.

Loewenthal, K.M., 1995, Religion and Mental Health, London:

Chapman & Hall.

Loewenthal, K.M., 1996, An Introduction to Psychological Tests and

Scales, London: UCL Press.

Loewenthal, K.M., 1997, ‘Religious beliefs about illness’, International

Journal for the Psychology of religion, 7, 173–178.

Loewenthal, K.M., 1999, ‘Religious issues and their psychological

aspects’, in K. Bhui and D. Olajide (eds.), Mental Health Service

Provision for a Multi-Cultural Society, London: W. B. Saunders.

Loewenthal, K.M. and Cinnirella, M., 1999a, ‘Beliefs about the efficacy

of religious, medical and psychotherapeutic interventions for depression and schizophrenia among women from different cultural-religious groups in Great Britain’, Transcultural Psychiatry, in press.

Loewenthal, K.M. and Cinnirella, M., 1999b, ‘Religious issues in ethnic

minority mental health with special reference to schizophrenia in Afro- Caribbeans in Britain: A systematic review’, in D. Ndegwa and D. Olajide (eds.) Main Issues in Mental Health and Race, London: Ashgate.

Loewenthal, K.M., Goldblatt, V., Gorton, T., Lubitsh, G., Bicknell, H.,

Fellowes, D. and Sowden, A., 1995, ‘Gender and depression in

Anglo-Jewry’, Psychological Medicine, 25, 1051–1063.

Loewenthal, K.M., Goldblatt, V., Gorton, T., Lubitsh, G., Bicknell, H.,

Fellowes, D. and Sowden, A., 1997a, ‘The costs and benefits of

boundary maintenance: Stress, religion and culture among Jews in

Britain’, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 32,

200–207.

Loewenthal, K.M., Goldblatt, V., Gorton, T., Lubitsh, G., Bicknell, H.,

Fellowes, D. and Sowden, A., 1997b, ‘The social circumstances of

anxiety and its symptoms among Anglo-Jews’, Journal of Affective

Disorders, 46, 87–94.

Loewenthal, K.M., Goldblatt, V. and Lubitsh, G., 1998, ‘Haredi women,

Haredi men, stress and distress’, Israel Journal of Psychiatry and

Related Sciences, 35, 217–224.

Loewenthal, K.M., MacLeod, A.K., Goldblatt, V., Lubitsh, G. and

Valentine, J.D., 2000, ‘Comfort and Joy? Religion, cognition and

mood in individuals under stress’, Cognition and Emotion, 355–374.

Loewenthal, N., 1990, Communicating the Infinite: The Emergence of

the Habad School, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.

Lofland, J. and Skonovd, N., 1981, ‘Conversion motifs’, Journal for the

Scientific Study for Religion, 20, 373–385.

Long, T.R. and Hadden, J.K., 1983, ‘Religious conversion and the concept of socialization: Integrating the brainwashing and drift models’, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 22, 1–14.

Luyten, P., Corveleyn, J. and Fontaine, J.R.J., 1998, ‘The relationship

between religiosity and mental health: Distinguishing between shame

and guilt’, Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 1, 165–184.

Malony, H.N. and Lovekin, A.A., 1985, Glossolalia: Behavioural Science Perspectives on Speaking Tongues, New York: Oxford University Press.

Manne-Lewis, J., 1986, ‘Buddhist Psychology: A paradigm for the psychology of enlightenment’, in G. Claxton (ed.) Beyond Therapy: The Impact of Eastern Religions on Psychological Theory and Practice, London: Wisdom.

Marcia, J.E., 1966, ‘Development and validation of ego-identity statuses’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3, 119–133.

Maslow, A.H., 1964, Religions, Values and Peak Experiences, Columbus: Ohio State University Press.

Masters, R.E.L. and Houston, J., 1973, ‘Subjective realities’, in B.

Schwartz (ed.) Human Connection and the New Media, Englewood

Cliffs: New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Mathabane, M., 1994, African Women: Three Generations, London:

Hamish Hamilton.

Maton, K.I., 1989, ‘The stress-buffering role of spiritual support: crosssectional and prospective investigations’, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 28, 310–323.

McIntosh, D., 1995, ‘Religion-as Schema, with implications for the relations between religion and coping’, International Journal for the

Psychology of Religion, 5, 1–16.

McIntosh, D., 1995, ‘Religion-as Schema, with implications for the relations between religion and coping’, International Journal for the

Psychology of Religion, 5, 1–16.

Paloutzian, R.F., 1983, Invitation to the Psychology of Religion,

Glenview, Illinois: Scott Foresman.

Paloutzian, R.F., 1996, Invitation to the Psychology of Religion, 2nd

Edtn., Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon.

Paloutzian, R.F. and Ellison, C.W., 1982, ‘Loneliness, spiritual well-being and quality of life’, in L.A. Peplau and D.A. Perlman (eds.) Loneliness: A Sourcebook of Current Theory, Research and Therapy, New York: Wiley Interscience.

Paloutzian, R.F., Richardson, J.T. and Rambo, L.R., 1999, ‘Religious

conversion and personality change’, Journal of Personality, in

press.

Pargament, K.I. and Brant, C.R., 1998, ‘Religion and coping’, in H.G.

Koenig (ed.) Handbook of Religion and Mental Health, New York:

Academic Press.

Pargament, K.I., Ensing, D.S., Falgout, K., Olsen, H., Reilly, B., Van

Haitsma, K. and Warren, R., 1990, ‘God help me: (I): Religious

coping efforts as predictors of outcomes to significant negative life

events’, American Journal of Community Psychology, 18,

793–834.

Pargament, K.I. and Hahn, J., 1986, ‘God and the just world: Causal and

coping attributions to God in health situations’, Journal for the

Scientific Study of Religion, 25, 193–207.

Pargament, K.I., Kennel, J., Hathaway, W., Groevengoed, N., Newman,

J. and Jones, W., 1988, ‘Religion and the problem-solving process:

Three styles of coping’, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion,

27, 90–104.

Parker, G.B. and Brown, L.B., 1982, ‘Coping behaviours that mediate

between life-events and depression’, Archives of General Psychiatry,

39, 1386–1391.

Parker, W.R. and St. Johns, W.E., 1957, Prayer Can Change Your Life:

Experiments and Techniques in Prayer Therapy, Carmel, New York:

Guideposts Associates.

Penfield, W. and Perot, P., 1963, ‘The brain’s record of auditory and visual experience’, Brain, 86, 595–696.

Pettigrew, T., 1979, ‘The ultimate attribution error. Extending Allport’s

cognitive analysis of prejudice’, Personality and Social Psychology

Bulletin, 5, 461–476.

Perez Y Mena, A.I., 1998, ‘Cuban Santeria, Haitian Vodun, Puerto Rican Spiritualism: A multicultural enquiry into spiritualism’, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37, 15–27.

Peters, E., Day, S., McKenna, J. and Orbach, G., 1999, ‘Delusional ideas

in religious and psychotic populations’, British Journal of Clinical

Psychology, 38, 83–96.

Pfeifer, S., 1994, ‘Belief in demons and exorcism in psychiatric patients

in Switzerland’, British Journal of Medical Psychology, 67, 247–258.

Piaget, J., 1932, The Moral Judgement of the Child, New York: Free Press (1965).

Piaget, J., 1967, Six Psychological Studies, New York: Random House,

Vintage Books.

Pope, L., 1942, Millhands and Preachers, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.

Poston, L.A., 1988, Islamic “Da’wah” in North America, and the dynamics of conversion, Ann Arbor: Michigan University Microfilms.

Potter, J. and Wetherell, M., 1987, Discourse and Social Psychology:

Beyond Attitudes and Behaviour, London: Sage.

Power, M., Champion, L. and Aris, L., 1988, ‘The development of a

measure of social support: The Significant Others Scale (SOS)’,

British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 27, 349–358.

Prudo, R., Harris, T.O. and Brown, G., 1984, ‘Psychiatric disorder in an

urban and a rural population. 3: Social integration and the morphology

of affective disorder’, Psychological Medicine, 14, 327–345.

Reich, K.H., 1997, ‘Do we need a theory for the religious development

of women?’ International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 7,

67–86.

Rest, J.R., 1979, Development in judging moral issues, Minneapolis:

University of Minnesota Press.

Rest, J.R., 1983, ‘Morality’, in J. Flavell and E. Markham (eds.), Manual

of Child Psychology. Volume 3: Cognitive Development, P. Mussen,

general editor.

Richardson, J.T., 1985, ‘Psychological and psychiatric studies of new

religions’, in L.B.Brown (ed.) Advances in the Psychology of Religion,

Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Rizzuto, A.M., 1974, ‘Object relations and the formation of the image of

God’, British Journal of Medical Psychology, 47, 83–89.

Rizzuto, A.M., 1979, The Birth of the Living God, Chicago: University

of Chicago Press.

Rizzuto, A.M., 1992, ‘Afterword’, in M. Finn and J. Gartner (eds.)

Object Relations Theory and Religion: Clinical Applications, (1992)

Westport, Connecticut: Praeger.

Rubin, Z. and Peplau, L.A., 1973, ‘Belief in a just world and reactions to

another’s lot: A study of participants in the national draft lottery’,Journal of Social Issues, 29, 73–93.

Rubin, Z. and Peplau, L.A., 1975, ‘Who believes in a just world?’,

Journal of Social Issues, 31, 65–90.

Samarin, W.J., 1972, Tongues of Men and Angels: The Religious Language of Pentecostalism, New York: Macmillan.

Schwieso J.J., 1996, ‘“Religious fanaticism” and wrongful confinement

in Victorian England: The affair of Louisa Nottidge’, The Social

History of Medicine, 9, 158–74.

Scobie, G.W., 1975, Psychology of Religion, New York: Wiley.

Scotton, B.W., 1998, ‘Treating Buddhist patients’, in H. G. Koenig (ed.)

Handbook of Religion and Mental Health, New York: Academic Press.

Sensky, T. and Fenwick, P., 1982, ‘Religiosity, mystical experience and

epilepsy’, in C. Rose (ed.) Progress in Epilepsy, London: Pitman.

Shams, M. and Jackson, P.R., 1993, ‘Religiosity as a predictor of wellbeing and moderator of the psychological impact of unemployment’, British Journal of Medical Psychology, 66, 341–352.

Shapiro, D.H. and Walsh, R.N. (eds.), 1984, Meditation: Classic and

Contemporary Perspectives, New York: Aldine.

Shapiro, D.H., 1982, ‘Overview: Clinical and physiological comparison

of meditation with other self-control strategies’, American Journal of

Psychiatry, 139, 167–174.

Sharma, U., 1971, Rampal and his Family: The Story of an Immigrant,

London: Collins.

Shaver, P., Lenauer, M. and Sadd, S., 1980, ‘Religiousness, conversion

and subjective well-being: the “healthy-minded” religion of modern

American women’, American Journal of Psychiatry, 137, 1563–1568.

Shneur Zalman of Liadi, 1973, Likkutei Amarim – Tanya, (bilingual ed.;

N. Mindel, N. Mandel, Z. Posner and J.I. Shochet, trans.) London:

Kehot (original work published in 1796).

Siegman, A.W., 1963, ‘A cross-cultural investigation of the relationship

between introversion, social attitudes and social behaviour’, British

Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 2, 196–208.

Smith, W.C., 1963, The Meaning and End of Religion: A New Approach

to the Religious Traditions of Mankind, New York: Macmillan.

Smith, W.C., 1979, Faith and Belief, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton

University Press.

Snyder, J.G. and Osgood, C.E., 1969, Semantic Differential Technique,

Chicago: Aldine.

Solomon, V., 1965, A Handbook on Conversions, Stravon.

Spero, M.H., 1992, Religious Objects as Psychological Structures: a

Critical Integration of Object Relations Theory, Psychotherapy and

Judaism, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.

Spero, M.H., 1987, ‘Identity and individuality in the nouveau-religious

patient: theoretical and clinical aspects’, Psychiatry, 50, 55–71.

Spilka, B., Comp, G. and Goldsmith, W.M., 1981, ‘Faith and behaviour:

Religion in introductory texts of the 1950s and 1970s’, Teaching of

Psychology, 8, 159–160.

Stace, W.T., 1960, Mysticism and Philosophy, Philadelphia: Lippincott.

Stanley, G.S., 1964, ‘Personality and attitude correlates of religious conversion’, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 4, 60–63.

Staples C.L. and Mauss, A.L., 1987, ‘Conversion or commitment? A

reassessment of the Snow and Machalek approach to the study of

conversion’, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 26, 133–147.

Stark, R. and Bainbridge, W.S., 1985, The Future of Religion, Berkeley:

University of California Press.

Steley, J., 1996, Parental Discipline and Religious Commitment as

Recalled by Adult Children, unpublished M. Phil. thesis: University of

London.

Stouffer, S.A. et al., 1949, The American Soldier Vol 2: Combat and its

Aftermath, Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Sunden, H., 1959, Die Religion und die Rollen: Eine psychologische

Untersuchung der Fromigkeit, Berlin: Alfred Topelmann, 1966 (original Swedish edition, 1959).

Tajfel, H., 1970, ‘Experiments in intergroup discrimination’, Scientific

American, 223, 96–102.

Tajfel, H., 1978, Differentiation Between Groups, Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press.

Tajfel, H. and Turner, J., 1986, ‘The Social Identity Theory of intergroup

behaviour’, in S. Worchel and W.G. Austin (eds.) Psychology of

Intergroup Relations, Chicago: Nelson.

Tangney, J.P., 1995, ‘Shame and guilt in interpersonal relationships’, in

J.P. Tangney and K.W. Fischer (eds.), Self-conscious Emotions: The

Psychology of Shame, Guilt, Embarassment and Pride, New York: The Guilford Press.

Tangney, J.P., Burggraf, S.A. and Wagner, P.E., 1995, ‘Shame-proneness,guilt-proneness, and psychological symptoms. in J.P. Tangney and K.W. Fischer (eds), Self-conscious Emotions: The Psychology of Shame, Guilt, Embarassment and Pride, New York: The Guilford Press.

Tauber, Y., 1994, Once upon a Chassid, New York: Kehot.

Thun, T., 1959, Die Religion des Kindes, 2nd Edtn. Stuttgart: Ernest

Klett, 1964.

Turner, J.C., 1987, Rediscovering the Social Group: A Self-categorizationTheory, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Ullman, C., 1982, ‘Cognitive and emotional antecedents of religious

conversion’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43,

183–192.

Valentine, E.R., 1989, ‘A cognitive psychological analysis of meditation

techniques and mystical experiences’, Ethical Record, April 1989,

9–20.

Valentine, E.R. and Sweet, P., 1999, ‘Meditation and attention: A comparison of the effects of concentrative and mindfulness meditation on attention’, Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 2, 59–70.

Van Avermaet, E., 1996, ‘Social influence in small groups’, in M.

Hewstone, W. Stroebe and G.M. Stephenson (eds.), Introduction to

Social Psychology, Oxford: Blackwell.

Vergote, A. and Tamayo, A., 1980, The Parental Figures and the

Representation of God, The Hague: Mouton.

Watson, P.J., Morris, R.J., Foster, J.E. and Hood, R.W., Jr., 1986,

‘Religiosity and social desirability’, Journal for the Scientific Study of

Religion, 25, 215–232.

Watson, P.J., Morris, R.J. and Hood, R.W., Jr., 1988a ‘Sin and self-functioning: Part 1: Grace, guilt and self-consciousness’, Journal of Psychology and Theology, 16, 254–269.

Watson, P.J., Morris, R.J. and Hood, R.W., Jr., 1988b, ‘Sin and self-functioning: Part 2: Grace, guilt and psychological adjustment’, Journal of Psychology and Theology, 16, 270–281.

Watson, P.J., Morris, R.J. and Hood, R.W., Jr., 1988c, ‘Sin and self-functioning: Part 3: The psychology and ideology of irrational beliefs’, Journal of Psychology and Theology, 16, 348–361.

Watson, P.J., Morris, R.J., Hood, R.W., Jr., Milliron, J.T. and Stutz, N.

L., 1998, ‘Religious orientation, identity, and the quest for meaning

in ethics within an ideological surround’, International Journal for the

Psychology of Religion, 8, 149–164.

Watts, F. and Williams, M., 1988, The Psychology of Religious Knowing, New York: Cambridge University Press.

Wearing, A.J. and Brown, L.B., 1972, ‘The dimensionality of religion’,

British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 11, 143–148.

Weissler, C., 1998, Voices of the Matriarchs: Listening to the Prayers of

Early Modern Jewish Women, Boston, Massachusetts: Beacon Press.

Wilson, B.R., 1970, Religious Sects, London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson.

Winnicott, D., 1958, Collected Papers: Through Paediatrics to Psycho-

Analysis, London: Tavistock.

Witztum, E., Buchbinder, J.T. and Van Der Hart, O., 1990a, ‘Summoning a punishing angel: Treating a depressed patient with dissociative features’, Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 54, 524–537.

Witztum, E., Dasberg, H. and Greenberg, D., 1990b, ‘Mental illness and

religious change’, British Journal of Medical Psychology, 63, 33–42.

Worthington, E.L., Kurusu, T.A., McCullough, M.E. and Sandage, S.J.,

1996, ‘Empirical research on religion and psychotherapeutic processes

and outcomes: A 10-year review and research prospectus’, Psychological Review, 119, 448–487.

Wulff, D.M., 1997, Psychology of Religion: Classic and Contemporary,

2nd Edtn., New York: Wiley.

Youngman, R., Minuchin-Itzigsohn, S. and Barasch, M., 1999,

‘Manifestations of emotional distress among Ethiopian immigrants in

Israel: Patient and clinician perspectives’, Transcultural Psychiatry,

36, 45–63.

Zinnbauer, B.J., Pargament, K.I., Cole, B., Rye, M.S., Butter, E.M.,

Belavich, T.G., Hipp, K.M., Scott, A.B. and Kadar, J.L., 1997,

‘Religion and spirituality: Unfuzzying the fuzzy’, Journal for the

Scientific Study of Religion, 36, 549–564.