پایان نامه بهبود کارایی مسیریابی روتر ها با استفاده از روش فازی

فهرست و منابع پایان نامه بهبود کارایی مسیریابی روتر ها با استفاده از روش فازی

فهرست:

فصل اول

آشنایی با مسیریابی  در شبکه

1-1-مقدمه................................................................................................8

1-2بررسی ساختار روتر ها و سوئیچ ها.............................................................................................9

1-2-1-روتر (مسیریاب)..................................................................................................................9

1-2-1-1- روترهای سخت افزاری....................................................................................................10

1-2-1-2- روترهای نرم افزاری ......................................................................................................10

1-2-1-3- مهمترین ویژگی یک روتر ...............................................................................................11

1-2-1-4- نحوه عملکرد یک روتر در اینترنت ....................................................................................11

1-2-1-5- عناصر داخلی روتر ........................................................................................................11

1-2-1-5-1 پرازنده cpu ..............................................................................................................12

1-2-1-5-2- حافظه اصلی RAM ....................................................................................................12

1-2-1-5-3- حافظه فلش ..............................................................................................................12

1-2-1-5-4-حافظه NVRAM.........................................................................................................12

1-2-1-5-5 گذرگاهها Buses  ...................................................................................................... 13

1-2-1-5-6 حافظه RAM .............................................................................................................13

1-2-1-5-7 اینترفیس ها ...............................................................................................................13

1-2-1-5-8 منبع تغذیه .................................................................................................................14

1-3 سوییج (Switch) .................................................................................................................14

1-5-1  نحوه ارسال پیام ...............................................................................................................16

1-5-2 Broadcast  ...................................................................................................................18

1-6 آگاهی از مقصد یک پیام .........................................................................................................18

1-7- پروتکل ها .........................................................................................................................19

1-8- ردیابی یک پیام ..................................................................................................................20

1-9- ستون فقرات اینترنت ..........................................................................................................21

1-10- مبانی شبکه ...................................................................................................................21

1-10-1 شبکه .........................................................................................................................21

1-10-2- گره ...........................................................................................................................22

1-10-3- توپولوژی ..................................................................................................................22

1-10-3-1- توپولوژی Bus .......................................................................................................22

1-10-3-2- توپولوژی Star .......................................................................................................23

1-10-3-3- توپولوژی Mesh ....................................................................................................23

1-10-3-4- توپولوژی Ring  .....................................................................................................23

1-10-3-5- توپولوژی Wireless ...............................................................................................24

1-11- اصطلاحات تخصصی شبکه ................................................................................................24

1-11-1- Scalability  .............................................................................................................24

1-11-2- Latency  .................................................................................................................24

1-11-3- Network faiure.....................................................................................................25

1-11-4- Colisions ...............................................................................................................25

1-4- منطق فازی ......................................................................................................................26

1-4-1- منطق فازی و کاربردهای آن .............................................................................................27

1-4-2- سیستم فازی .................................................................................................................27

1-4-2-1 کاربردهای سیستم فازی ................................................................................................27

فصل 2 – الگوریتمهای مسیریابی

2-1- طراحی الگوریتم ..........................................................................................................................................28

2-1-1- الگوریتم های Distance Vector .........................................................................................................28

2-1-2-الگوریتم های Link State (LS) ..............................................................................................................30

2-1-3- مسیریابی سلسله مراتبی .......................................................................................................................32

2-2- الگوریتم های مسیریابی ............................................................................................................................33

2-2-1- انواع الگوریتمهای مسیریابی ................................................................................................................33

2-3- شبکه های خود مختارAS .........................................................................................................................34

2-4- اینترنت ......................................................................................................................................................35

2-4-1- مسیریابی درونی ...................................................................................................................................36

2-4-2- مسیریابی بیرونی ..................................................................................................................................36

2-5- مبانی پروتکل BGP ...................................................................................................................................37

2-5-1- شبکه Stub ...........................................................................................................................................38

2-5-2-شبکه های Multihome ......................................................................................................................39

2-5-3- شبکه های ترانزیت ...............................................................................................................................39

2-5-4-IBGP ......................................................................................................................................................40

2-5-5- EBGP ....................................................................................................................................................40

2-5-6- ارتباط پیکربندی EBGP .......................................................................................................................41

2-6- پیام های پروتکل BGP ..............................................................................................................................41

2-6-1- پیام open .............................................................................................................................................42

2-6-2- پیام KeepAlive ...................................................................................................................................42

2-6-3- پیام Notification  ..............................................................................................................................42

2-6-4- Update  ...............................................................................................................................................42

2-7- مسیر صفت های BGP(BGP Path Atrribute) .....................................................................................44

2-7-1-AS-Path  ...............................................................................................................................................45

2-7-2- Origion  ................................................................................................................................................45

2-7-3- Local Preference ..............................................................................................................................46

2-7-4 MEP- Multi Exit Disriminator .........................................................................................................46

2-8- انتخاب بهترین مسیر در پروتکل BGP .......................................................................................................47

فصل سوم

بررسی و مقایسه پروتکل های مختلف مسیریابی

3-1- پروتکل RIP .................................................................................................................................................48

3-2- پروتکل های روتینگ ترکیبی ویا EIGRP .................................................................................................49

3-3- پروتکل Ospf ..............................................................................................................................................50

3-4-مقایسه پروتکل های مختلف در ارسال پیام ...............................................................................................51

3-4-1- پیاده سازی پروتکل های Rip , Eigrp,ospf  ......................................................................................51

3-4-2-همسایه یابی در Ospf ............................................................................................................................54

3-4-3 بررسی عملکرد Ospf ..............................................................................................................................55

3-4-4- تایمرهای Ospf ......................................................................................................................................55

فصل چهارم

ارائه مدل پیشنهادی فازی

4-1- مسیریابی مبتنی بر کیفیت سرویس (QOS) .................................................................................................56

4-1-1- هدف از مسیریابی بر پایه کیفیت سرویس (QOS) ...................................................................................56

4-2- معایب پروتکل های فعلی مسیریابی نظیر BGP,RIP,OSPF ........................................................................57

4-3- سیستم فازی ....................................................................................................................................................58

4-3-1- الگوریتم فازی .............................................................................................................................................59

4-4- الگوریتم فازی پیشنهادی................................................................................................................................60

4-4-1- پهنای باند آزاد (free bandwidth).........................................................................................................61

4-4-2- نمودار قوانین الگوریتمم فازی پیشنهادی .................................................................................................62

4-4-3- شبیه سازی و عملکرد ................................................................................................................................64

5- نتیجه گیری  .........................................................................................................................................................67

    منابع و مآخذ ..........................................................................................................................................................68

 

منبع:

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2)Borovina, N. and S. Kreso (2005). OSPF-based model of adaptive routing and possibility for stable network operations. Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS International Conference on Applied Informatics and Communications. Malta, World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society (WSEAS): 104-109.

               

3)Liu, Y., et al. (2005). Application of Rough Set for Routing Selection Based on OSPF Protocol. Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining, and Granular Computing. D. Ślęzak, J. Yao, J. Peters, W. Ziarko and X. Hu, Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 3642: 654-661.

               

4)Majd, N. E. and M. H. Yaghmaee (2006). A Fuzzy Algorithm for QoS-Based Routing in MPLS Network. Communications, 2006. APCC '06. Asia-Pacific Conference on.

               

5)NULL, N., et al. (2010). Design and simulation of OSPF routing protocol fuzzy model by two costraint: Bandwidth and queue size of router.

               

6)Wang, X., et al. (2005). A Microeconomics-Based Fuzzy QoS Unicast Routing Scheme in NGI. Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing – EUC 2005. L. Yang, M. Amamiya, Z. Liu, M. Guo and F. Rammig, Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 3824: 1055-1064.

               

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